Stock market crash

Börseab 9 J.

A sudden, massive drop in prices on the stock market. Historically every 8–12 years. Triggers: panic, speculative bubbles, economic shocks. In the long run, a recovery has always followed.

A stock market crash (Börsencrash) is a rapid, panic-driven price fall of 20% or more. It differs from a normal correction (5–10%) in speed and extent.

The biggest crashes:

• 1929: Black Friday (Black Thursday/Tuesday in the US), −89% (recovery: 25 years)
• 2000: dotcom, Nasdaq −78% (recovery: 15 years)
• 2008: financial crisis, DAX −55% (recovery: 4 years)
• 2020: coronavirus, DAX −40% (recovery: 5 months!)

The most important lesson: every crash in history has been followed by a recovery. Those who sell in a panic realise losses. Those who hold or buy more profit in the long run. "Crashes are the price you pay for long-term returns."

Did you know? Since 1928 the S&P 500 has had a crash (−30% or more) on average every 6 years. Still: anyone who invested in 1928 and never sold would have multiplied their money 200-fold.

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